SBI PO (Main) Exam Paper - 2017 "English Language"
SBI PO (Main) Exam Paper - 2017 "English Language"
Direction (41-45): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
At first sight, it looks as though Panchayati raj, the lower layer of federalism in our polity, is as firmly entrenched in our system as is the older and higher layer comprising the Union Government and the States. Like the democratic institutions at the higher level, those at the panchayat level, the Panchayati raj institutions (PRIs), are written into andprotected by the Constitution. All the essential features, which distinguish a unitary system from a federal one, are as much enshrined at the lower as at the upper level of our federal system. But look closely and you will discover a fatal flaw. The letter of the Constitution as well as the spirit of the present polity have exposed the intra-State level of our federal system to a dilemma of which the inter-State and Union-State layers are free. The flaw has many causes. But all of them are rooted in an historical anomaly, that while the dynamics of federalism and democracy have given added strength to the rights given to the States in the Constitution, they have worked against the rights of panchayats.
At both levels of our federal system there is the same tussle between those who have certain rights and those who try to encroach upon them if they believe they can. Thus, the Union Government was able to encroach upon certain rights given to the States by the Constitution. It got away with that because the single dominant party system, which characterised Centre-State relations for close upon two decades, gave the party in power at the Union level many extra-constitutional political levers. Second, the Supreme Court had not yet begun to extend the limits of its power. But all that has changed in recent times. The spurt given to a multi-party democracy by the overthrow of the Emergency in 1977 became a long-term trend later on because of the ways in which a vigorously democratic multi-party system works in a political society which is as assertively pluralistic as Indian society is. It gives political clout to all the various segments which constitute that society. Secondly, because of the linguistic reorganisation of States in the 1950s, many of the most assertive segments have found their most assertive expression as States. Thirdly, with single-party dominance becoming a thing of the past at the Union level, governments can be formed at that level only by multi-party coalitions in which State-level parties are major players. This has made it impossible for the Union Government to do much about anything unless it also carries a sufficient number of State-level parties with it. Indian federalism is now more real than it used to be, but an unfortunate side-effect is that India's Panchayati raj system, inaugurated with such fanfare in the early 1980s, has become less real. By the time the PRIs came on the scene, most of the political space in our federal system had been occupied by the Centre in the first 30 years of Independence, and most of what was still left after that was occupied by the States in the next 20. PRIs might have hoped to wrest some space from their immediate neighbour, the States, just as the States had wrested some from the Centre. But having at last managed to checkmate the Centre's encroachments on their rights, the States were not about to allow the PRIs to do some encroaching of their own.
By the 1980s and early 1990s, the only national party left, the Congress, had gone deeper into a siege mentality. Finding itself surrounded by State-level parties, it had built walls against them instead of winning them over. Next, the States retaliated by blocking Congress proposals for Panchayati raj in Parliament, suspecting that the Centre would try to use panchayats to bypass State Governments. The suspicion fed on the fact that the powers proposed by the Congress for panchayats were very similar to many of the more lucrative powers of State Governments. State-level leaders also feared, perhaps, that if panchayat-level leaders captured some of the larger PRIs, such as district-level panchayats, they would exert pressure on State-level leaders through intra-State multi- party federalism.
It soon became obvious to Congress leaders that there was no way the Panchayati raj amendments they wanted to write into the Constitution would pass muster unless State- level parties were given their pound of flesh. The amendments were allowed only after it was agreed that the powers of panchayats could be listed in the Constitution. Illustratively, they would be defined and endowed on PRIs by the State Legislature acting at its discretion.
This left the door wide open for the States to exert the power of the new political fact that while the Union and State Governments could afford to ignore panchayats as long as the MLAs were happy, the Union Government had to be sensitive to the demands of State-level parties. This has given State-level actors strong beachheads on the shores of both inter-State and intra-State federalism. By using various administrative devices and non- elected parallel structures, State Governments have subordinated their PRIs to the State administration and given the upper hand to State Government officials againstthe elected heads of PRIs. Panchayats have become local agencies for implementing schemes drawn up in distant State capitals. And their own volition has been further circumscribed by a plethora of “Centrally- sponsored schemes”. These are drawn up by even more distant Central authorities but at the same time tie up local staff and resources on pain of the schemes being switched off in the absence of matching local contribution. The "foreign aid" syndrome can be clearly seen at work behind this kind of "grass roots development".
41. The central theme of the passage can be best summarized as
A. Our grassroots development at the panchayat level is now driven by the "foreign aid" syndrome.
B. Panchayati raj is firmly entrenched at the lower level of our federal system of governance.
C. A truly federal polity has not developed since PRIs have not been allowed the necessary political space.
D. The Union government and State-level parties are engaged in a struggle for the protection of their respective rights.
E. None of these
42. The sentence in the last paragraph, “And their own volition has been further circumscribed...”, refers to:
A. The weakening of the local institutions' ability to plan according to their needs.
B. The increasing demands made on elected local leaders to match central grants with local contributions.
C. The empowering of the panchayat system as implementers of schemes from State capitals.
D. The process by which the prescribed Central schemes are reformulated by local elected leaders.
E. None of these
43. What is the "dilemma" at the intra-State level mentioned in the first paragraph of the passage?
A. Should the state governments wrest more space from the Union, before considering the Panchayati system?
B. Should rights similar to those that the States managed to get be extended to panchayats as well?
C. Should the single party system which has withered away be brought back at the level of the States?
D. Should the States get "their pound of flesh" before allowing the Union government to pass any more laws?
E. None of these
44. Which of the following most closely describes the 'fatal flaw' that the passage refers to?
A. The ways in which the democratic multi- party system works in an assertively pluralistic society like India's are flawed.
B. The mechanisms that our federal system uses at the Union government level to deal with States are imperfect.
C. The instruments that have ensured federalism at one level, have been used to achieve the opposite at another.
D. The Indian Constitution and the spirit of the Indian polity are fatally flawed.
E. None of these
45. Which of the following best captures the current state of Indian federalism as described in the passage?
A. The Supreme Court has not begun to extend the limits of its power.
B. The multi-party system has replaced the single party system.
C. The Union, state and Panchayati raj levels have become real.
D. There is real distribution of power between the Union and State level parties.
E. None of these
Direction (46-50): Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The world is leaning on its biggest economy to sustain the global recovery, according to the International Monetary Fund. The fund left its forecast for global growth unchanged in the latest quarterly update to its World Economic Outlook, released Monday in Kuala Lumpur. The world economy will expand 3.4 percent this year, up from 3.2 percent in 2016, and by 3.6 percent next year, the IMF said. The forecasts for this year and next are unchanged from the fund’s projections in April. Beneath the headline figures, though, the drivers of the recovery are shifting, with the world relying less than expected on the US and the UK and more on China, Japan, the euro zone and Canada, according to the Washington-based IMF.
The dollar fell to its lowest in 14 months last week as investors discounted the ability of President Donald Trump’s administration to deliver on its economic agenda after efforts by the Republican Senate to overhaul healthcare collapsed. The IMF estimated US growth at 2.1 percent this year and again in 2018, consistent with what the fund said June 27 in its annual assessment of the US 2.3 percent and 2.5 percent, respectively, in 2017 and 2018. The economy expanded by 1.6 percent in 2016. “US growth projections are lower than in April, primarily reflecting the assumption that fiscal policy will be less expansionary going forward than previously anticipated,” the IMF said in the latest report. In June, the IMF said it had dropped assumptions of a boost to growth from Trump’s plans to cut taxes and increase infrastructure spending. Trump’s budget director, Mick Mulvaney, wrote in July that the administration’s goal is “sustained 3 percent economic growth,” and he named the program “MAGAnomies” after Trump’s campaign slogan, “Make America Great Again”.
Meanwhile, as the UK works through its Brexit negotiations, the IMF also chopped its forecast for UK growth this year by 0.3 percentage point to 1.7 percent on weaker- than-expected activity in the first quarter. “This forecast underscores exactly why our plans to increase productivity and ensure we get the very best deal with the EU, are vitally important,” the UK Treasury said in an emailed statement. “The fundamentals of our economy are strong.”
Other countries are picking up the slack. The IMF’s projection for growth in China is 6.7 percent for 2017 – the same as its estimate made June 14 in an annual staff report, and up 0.1 point from April’s world economic outlook. For 2018 the fund sees Chinese growth at 6.4 percent, an increase of 0.2 points from three months ago. In the report, the IMF looked for average annual growth of 6.4 percent in China during 2018 through 2020. “Rich market valuations and very low volatility in an environment of high policy uncertainty raise the likelihood of a market correction, which could dampen growth and confidence, said the fund, which also cited China’s credit growth and protectionist policies as threats.
While risks to the global outlook are “broadly balanced” in the near term, medium term risks are titled to the downside, the IMF said. IMF urged advanced countries with weak demand and low inflation to continue supporting growth through monetary and fiscal policy while cautioning central banks against raising borrowing costs too quickly. The fund said widespread protectionism or a “race to the bottom” on financial and regulatory oversight would leave all countries worse off.
46. Which of the following statements can definitely be concluded from the given passage?
(i) IMF does not perceive any considerable long term risk to global market in the short term
(ii) IMF views China’s credit and growth policy as a risk to global outlook
(iii) The US can perform well in global outlook by abandoning its protectionist policies
A. Both (i) and (ii)
B. Both (i) and (iii)
C. Only (i)
D. Only (ii)
E. Only (iii)
47. Which of the following is TRUE in the context of IMF’s growth forecast of China?
(i) An annual average growth of 6.4 percent during 2018 through 2020
(ii) No change in its forecast for 2017 from its Annual Staff report of June 14th
(iii) The forecast for 2018 has grown a meager 0.2 percent from previous quarter
A. Only (ii) and (iii)
B. Only (i) and (ii)
C. Only (i) and (iii)
D. None of these
E. All of the above
48. IMF has cut growth forecast of UK by 0.3 percent. What does it imply for the UK?
A. It should increase infrastructure spending and cut taxes
B. It made a mistake to withdraw itself from Europe
C. It should work on its fundamental for faster economic recovery
D. It should ensure best deal out of Brexit negotiations
E. None of these
49. According to the IMF, the advanced countries with weak demand and low inflation should-
(i) discard their protectionist policies
(ii) support growth through monetary and fiscal policy
(iii) keep a check on rapid increase in rate of interest by central banks
A. Both (i) and (ii)
B. Both (ii) and (iii)
C. Both (i) and (iii)
D. Only (i)
E. Only (ii)
50. Which of the following factors can be attributed to the fall of dollar to its lowest in the 14 weeks period?
A. The US’ diminishing role in global recovery
B. The emergence of Japan, China and Euro Zone as the driver of global recovery
C. The protectionist policies of Trump
D. The inability of Trump to keep his economic promises
E. Less expansionary fiscal policy of the US than expected
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Direction (51-54): In the given question, two sentences with two blanks in each are followed by five options with two words in each. Select that option as your answer which can fill both the blanks of both the sentences I and II.
51. I. When deciding the term of the loan, base your _____ on the loan’s total cost and not _____ payments.
II. The ______ to pay the workers on a monthly basis is very beneficial for small firms to keep a check on their ______ profit.
A. Monthly, advance
B. Decision, monthly
C. Determine, yearly
D. Mention, pay
E. None of these
52. I. Cyber-crime is at ______ proportions and the chance that your website, your name and your business can be _______ affected are more of a reality than ever before.
II. An/a _______ of smallpox resulted in the death of a substantial portion of the native population of this country and has _______ affected the population of the nation.
A. Epidemic, severely
B. Severely, destroyed
C. Splutter, severely
D. Sagacious, Juxtaposed
E. None of these
53. I. Wood windows will require maintenance and re-painting to ______ appearance and ______ of the wood against rot and insects.
II. Even though they were tired mentally and physically, the soldiers continued to ______ their duty to serve their country with _______ and honour.
A. Lurk, germane
B. Maintain, Integrity
C. Garnish, Integrity
D. Profess, Heft
E. None of these
54. I. The Black Student _______ is holding a cultural _____ workshop in the media centre on Saturday.
II. We realized that it was a _____ of people who were against religious ____ in the society.
A. Jocular, Adept
B. Convulsion, Niggle
C. Huff, Chasm
D. Caucus, diversity
E. None of these
Direction (55-58): A sentence is divided into three parts I, II and III. For each part a correction statement is given. Determine the part which requires correction and mark it as your answer.
55. Rapid economic ascendance has brought many challenges, / including high inequality; rapid urbanization; challenges of, / environmental sustainability; and external imbalances.
I. Rapid economic ascendance has brought on many challenges
II. high inequality; rapid urbanization; challenges to
III. environmental sustainability; and external imbalance
A. Only III
B. Both I and II
C. Both I and III
D. Only II
E. Only I
56. The academic literature provides mixed findings, / for the relationship among immigration and crime worldwide, / but finds for the United States that immigration has no impact on the crime rate.
I. The academic literature provided mixed findings
II. for the relationship between immigration and crime worldwide,
III. but finds for the United States that immigration is in no impact on the crime rate.
A. Only II
B. Only III
C. Both I and II
D. Both II and III
E. Both I and III
57. Fascism has many faces, but the most constant is that the supremacist delusion that the West is the carrier of “universal values”/and that, as exclusive interpreter and custodian of these values; /the West is obligated to act upon watchdog of democracy and human rights throughout the globe.
I. Fascism has many faces, but the most constant is that of the supremacist delusion that the West is the carrier of “universal values”
II. and that, as an exclusive interpreter and curator of these values;
III. the West is obligated to act as a watchdog of democracy and human rights throughout the globe
A. Both I and II
B. Both II and III
C. All I, II and III
D. Only I
E. Both I and III
58. Several times we sat with the new people and tried to put together agreements / that would accommodate the needs of both of our peoples, / each time it was us who gave privileges to the new people.
I. Several times we sat with the new people and tried to put forward agreements
II. That would accommodate the needs for both of our peoples,
III. each time it was we who gave privileges to the new people.
A. Only II
B. Only III
C. Both II and III
D. Both I and II
E. None of these.
Direction (59-61): In the given question, a statement with one blank, followed by three alternatives, is given. Out of the given three alternatives, more than one can fill the given blank. Choose the set of words from the given options which can be used to fill the blank.
59. Despite having a border dispute India and China have ______ thereby creating a ‘managed relationship’.
i. Never exchanged a bullet on the border in the last 40 years
ii. Preserved accord
iii. Not been belligerent towards each other
A. Only i
B. Only ii
C. Both i and iii
D. Both ii and iii
E. All the above
60. The need for rural communities to approach development from a wider perspective has ______ rather than merely creating incentive for agricultural or resource-based businesses.
i. Made things difficult and more complex
ii. Been a burdensome and strenuous task
iii. created more focus on a broad range of development goals
A. Only i
B. Only ii
C. Only iii
D. Both i and ii
E. All the above
61. The best way to end violence against women and girls is to prevent it from happening in the first place by ______.
i. addressing its root and structural causes.
ii. redressing the wounds caused by it.
iii. Curbing it wherever visible.
A. Only i
B. Only ii
C. Only iii
D. Both i and ii
E. Both ii and iii
Direction (62-64): In the given question, four statements are given which are connected in different ways in the options given below. Determine the option in which the four statements have been the most appropriately expressed.
62. The weather was stormy. The fishermen had been warned the previous night. The fishermen were in danger. Anyone could have got drowned in such weather.
A. The weather was so stormy that anyone could have got drowned and the fishermen were in danger, so they had been warned the previous night.
B. The weather was stormy enough to have the fishermen in danger as they had been warned the previous night and anyone could have got drowned in such weather.
C. The fishermen had been warned the previous night as they were in danger in the weather was stormy and anyone could have got drowned in such weather.
D. The fishermen were in danger as the weather was stormy as they had been waned the previous night and anyone could have got drowned in such weather.
E. None of these
63. Timothy was with Philip since he was a child. Timothy was a playful dog. Philip considered Timothy to be a special dog. Philip thought Timothy could always protect him.
A. Timothy was with Philip since he was a child and was considered to be special by him who was a playful dog and could always protect him.
B. Timothy was with Philip who considered him to be a special dog and could always protect him as he was with him since he was a child and was a playful dog.
C. Timothy was a playful dog who was with Philip since he was a child and was considered a special dog who could always protect him.
D. Timothy was with Philip who was a playful child and considered him to be a special dog and could always protect him.
E. None of these
64. The situation was difficult. The girl was only seven years old. The girl had no relative to look after her. The financial condition too was grave.
A. The situation was difficult and grave as the financial condition was bad and the girl was only seven years old had no relative to look after her.
B. The situation was difficult as the girl who was only seven years old had no relative to look after her and the financial condition was grave as well.
C. The girl was only seven years old and the financial condition was too grave as she had no relative to look after because the situation was difficult.
D. The situation was grave and difficult however the girl was only seven years old and had no relative to look after her and the financial condition was grave.
E. None of these
65. Direction: In the given question, there are four statements A, B, C and D that have to be arranged in a logical order to make a paragraph between 1 and 6.
1) In a move that will encourage banks to lend more for housing and possibly make high-value home loans cheaper, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on Wednesday reduced the capital requirement for home loans.
A) The repo rate is the rate at which it lends to banks, while the reverse repo is the facility through which it borrows from banks.
B) It also retained the cash reserve requirement (CRR) at 4%.
C) The RBI has also improved the lendable resources of banks by Rs 50,000 crore by reducing the proportion of deposits that banks have to invest in government bonds.
D) In its monetary policy review, the RBI retained the repo rate at 6.25% and the reverse repo rate at 6%.
6) Significantly, however, the RBI cut its projection for consumer inflation to 2-3.5% in the April to September period, down from 4.5%, and to 3.5-4.5% in October to March, down from 5%.
A. CDAB
B. DABC
C. DBAC
D. CBDA
E. BACD
66. Direction: In the given question, there are four statements A, B, C and D that have to be arranged in a logical order to make a paragraph between 1 and 6.
1) Quaint is not an obvious word to use about America: a country built on revolution, restless expansion and unabashed pursuit of profits.
A) Often physical settings added to this sense of quaintness.
B) From Boston to Philadelphia, or to the lovingly-restored Georgian streets of colonial Williamsburg in Virginia many New World candles of liberty looked strikingly like the Old all red-brick mansions cobbled lanes and candle-lit inns, haunted by the host in tricorne hats.
C) Museums and historic sites depicted the birth of the United States as a morality tale and an Anglo-Saxon family dispute, pitting tyrannical King George and his redcoats against freedom-loving colonial subjects.
D) Yet for years a cloud of quaintness hung about many of the country's founding places.
6) This can also be found in several other regions of the great America.
A. DACB
B. DCAB
C. BACD
D. ABCD
E. DBAC
Direction (67-70): In the following question, a part of the sentence is underlined. Below the sentence alternatives to the underlined part are given at (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) which may help improve the sentence. Choose the correct alternative.
67. The Sanskrit language is of a wonderful structure; more perfect then the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity.
A. is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, most copious than the
B. is of a wonderful structure; more perfect then the Greek, more copious then the
C. is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the
D. is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than a
E. are of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the
68. Field hockey was considered to be the national game of India, but this had been recently denied by the Government of India, clarifying on a Right to Information Act (RTI) filed that India has not declared any sport as the national game.
A. is considered to be the national game of India, but this has been recently denied
B. was considered to be the national game of India, but this has been recently deny
C. was considerable to be the national game of India, but this has been recently denied
D. was considered to be a national game of India, but this has been recently denied
E. was considered to be the national game of India, but this has been recently denied
69. Indian small screen programming started off in the mid-1970s where at that time there was only one national channel Doordarshan, which was government owned but 1982 saw a revolution in TV programming in India, with the New Delhi Asian games, India saw the colored version of TV, that year.
A. and at that time their was only one national channel
B. and at that time there was only one national channel
C. and at that time there was alone one national channel
D. and of that time there was only one national channel
E. and at there time there was only one national channel
70. India has some of the most biodiverse regions in the world and hosts four of the world’s 35 biodiversity hotspots – or treasure-houses – that is the Western Ghats, the Eastern Himalayas, Indo-Burma and Nicobar Islands.
A. India had some of the most biodiverse regions of the world and
B. India has some of a most biodiverse regions of the world and
C. India has some of the most biodiverse regions of the world and
D. India has some of the most biodiverse region of the world and
E. India has some of the most biodiverse regions of the world or
71. Direction: In the following question, a part of the sentence is printed in bold. Below the sentence alternatives to the bold part are given at (A), (B), (C) and (D) which may help improve the sentence. Choose the correct alternative. In case the given sentence is correct, your answer is (E) i.e. No correction required. The need for conservation of wildlife in India is often questioned because of the apparently incorrect priority on the face of direct poverty of the people.
A. incorrect priority of the fact of direct poverty of the people
B. incorrect priority in the face in direct poverty of the people
C. incorrect priority in the mouth of direct poverty of the people
D. incorrect priority in the face of direct poverty of the people
E. No correction required
Direction (72-75): In the given question, a theme followed by three passages is given. Determine which passage is based on the given theme and mark it as your option. More than one passage can be based on the given theme.
72. Women empowerment
A) With the slogan of women empowerment, the question arises that “are women become really strong” and “is long-term struggle has ended”. Many programmes have been implemented and run by the government such as International Women’s day, mother’s day, etc in order to bring awareness in the society about the true rights and value of the women in the development of the nation. Women need to be progressed in the number of spheres.
B) There is a high level of gender inequality in India where women are ill-treated by their family members and outsiders. Women in India are always subjected to the honour killings and they never given their basic rights for the proper education and freedom. They are the victims who have faced violence and abuse in the male-dominated country.
C) Giving priority to the gender equality facilitates women empowerment all over the country. To get the high-level goal of women empowerment, it should be promoted from the childhood in each and every family. It needs women to be strong physically, mentally and socially.
A. Only C
B. Both A and B
C. Both A and C
D. All A, B, C
E. None of the above
73. Competition in the e-commerce sector
A) All of us want to come out on top. We want to see others subordinated to our superiority. Our goal is to dominate. If you do not secretly, or overtly, harbor this desire, then you should not be in e-commerce. If you see some good ideas, note them, and implement them on your own site.
B) If you want to beat your competition, you are going to have to establish the best supply chain and maintain the best wholesaler relationships. This does not always mean the cheapest source. If you choose the cheapest wholesaler or distributor, you may end up compromising on quality or reliability.
C) The market for e-commerce solutions is extremely competitive and we may find ourselves unable to compete effectively. Because there are relatively low barriers to entry in the e-commerce market, we expect continued intense competition as current competitors expand their product offerings and new competitors enter the market.
A. Only B
B. Only C
C. Both A and
B D. All A, B, C
E. None of the above
74. Money versus peace of mind
A) Peace of mind is the most important thing in life, nothing can replace it not even heaps of money. Money is just a commodity, it can be earned as well as spent in exchange of worldly pleasures, but peace of mind is a state.
B) Since we have done away with the barter system, we’ve developed various forms of currency and coins. Money is one of the most important factors determining one’s success and life in today’s world. It is true that 40% of our happiness depends on our actions. Out of the remaining 60%, 50% is via the genes and 10% via uncontrollable factors. You can’t lose the important 40% determiner of your happiness for something called money, can you?
C) Today, everyone is running: some are running after money, some are running after the people they love, some are running after the situations they desire. No one is at a stable position i.e. no one is at peace. Inner peace reflects the peace of mind. In today’s era, everyone is extremely busy in making their lives perfect.
A. Only B
B. Only C
C. Only A
D. Both B and C
E. All A, B, C
75. Impact of Artificial Intelligence
A) Artificial intelligence today is properly known as narrow AI (or weak AI), in that it is designed to perform a narrow task (e.g. only facial recognition or only internet searches or only driving a car). However, the long-term goal of many researchers is to create general AI (AGI or strong AI). While narrow AI may outperform humans at whatever its specific task is, like playing chess or solving equations, AGI would outperform humans at nearly every cognitive task.
B) Autonomous weapons are artificial intelligence systems that are programmed to kill. In the hands of the wrong person, these weapons could easily cause mass casualties. Moreover, an AI arms race could inadvertently lead to an AI war that also results in mass casualties.
C) One of AI’s greatest impacts could be in food production — an industry challenged by a rapidly growing world population, competition for natural resources and plateauing agricultural productivity. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that the earth’s population will balloon to 9.7 billion people on by 2050
A. Only A
B. Only B
C. Both A and B
D. Both A, B, C
E. All A, B, C
