Study Materials for IBPS, Bank Exams : Numerical Ability/Quantitative Aptitude - Percentage [MCQ]

1. In a competitive examination in State A, 6% candidates got selected from the total appeared candidates. State B had an equal number of candidates appeared and 7% candidates got selected with 80 more candidates got selected than A. What was the number of candidates appeared from each State?

1. 7600
2. 8000
3. 8300
4. 4000
5. 5000

Study Materials for IBPS, Bank Exams : Numerical Ability/Quantitative Aptitude - Profit and Loss [MCQ]

1. A trader mixes three varieties of groundnuts costing Rs. 50, Rs. 20 and Rs. 30 per kg in the ratio 2 : 4 : 3 in terms of weight, and sells the mixture at Rs. 33 per kg. What percentage of profit does he make?

1. 8%
2. 3%
3. 11%.
4. 12%
5. 10%

2. A dairyman pays Rs. 6.40 per litre of milk. He adds water and sells the mixture at Rs. 8 per litre, thereby making 37.5% profit. The proportion of water to milk received by the customers is:

1. 1 : 10
2. 1 : 12
3. 2 : 7
4. 3 : 20
5. 2 : 5

3. A fruitseller has 24 kg of apples. He sells a part of these at a gain of 20% and the balance at a loss of 5%. If on the whole he earns a profit of 10%, the amount of apples sold at a loss is:

1. 9.8 kg
2. 8 kg
3. 9.6 kg
4. 12.4 kg

1. In a row of boys, A is fifteenth from the left and B is fourth from the right. There are three boys between A and B. C is just left of A. What is C's position from the right?

(1) 9th
(2) 10th
(3) 12th
(4) 13th
(5) None of these

2. Rohit is seventeenth from the left end of a row of 29 boys and Karan is seventeenth from the right end in the same row. How many boys are there between them in the row?

(1) 3
(2) 5
(3) 6
(4) Data inadequate
(5) None of these

Study Materials for IBPS, Bank Exams : Mental Ability/Reasoning

Inserting the Missing Character

In this chapter questions contain a figure, a set of figures, an arrangement or a matrix, each of which bears certain characters, be it numbers, letters or a group/combination of letters/numbers which follow a particular pattern. You are required to identify and decipher this pattern and accordingly find the missing character in the figure.

Institute of Banking Personnel Selection

Common Written Examination (CWE) Recruitment in Clerical Cadre in 19 Public Sector Banks

India’s total external debt stood at US $ 400 billion

Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance has been compiling and releasing quarterly statistics on India’s External Debt for the quarters ending September and December every year. This statement relates to India’s external debt at end-September 2013.

Study Materials For Bank's Examinations

Professional Knowledge for Specialist Officer : राजभाषा अधिकारी

पद-परिचय

संज्ञा:

किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान के नाम तथा भाव या दशा को संज्ञा कहते हैं:- जैसे-

• हिमालय पर्वतों का राजा है ।

• दशरथ अयोध्या के राजा थे ।

• गाय उत्तम पशु है ।

संज्ञा के भेद- संज्ञा के तीन भेद हैं-

1. व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा

2. जातिवाचक संज्ञा

3. भाववाचक संज्ञा

सर्वनाम:

संज्ञा के बदले पर प्रयुक्त होने वाले शब्दों को सर्वनाम कहते हैं जैसे- वह, वे, आप, तुम, उसने, हमने, मैंने आदि ।

Study Materials for IBPS, Bank Exams : Numerical Ability/Quantitative Aptitude - Unitary Method [MCQ]

1. Cost of 24 pens is Rs. 96. Find the cost of 16 such pens.

(1) Rs. 66

(2) Rs. 64

(3) Rs. 62

(4) Rs. 68

(5) None of these

Study Materials for IBPS, Bank Exams : Numerical Ability/Quantitative Aptitude - Orders of Magnitude [MCQ]

1. Ramesh gave milk to have to his three sons Harish, Shayam and Ajay in three pots of the shape hemisphere, cube and cuboid. If radius of hemisphere pot is 5 cm, side of cubic pot is 5 cm and sides of cuboid pot are 5 cm × 5 cm × 6 cm, then who will get more milk?

(1) Harish

(2) Shayam

(3) Ajay

(4) Equal to all

(5) None of these

Sitting Arrangements (MCQ )

Directions (Q. Nos. 1 to 2) Read the information given below and then answer the questions that follow

Eight friends A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting in a circle facing the centre. B is sitting between G and D. H is third to the left of B and second to the right of A. C is sitting between A and G and B and E are not sitting opposite to each other.

1. If the order of letters of each of the follwoing words is reversed, then which of the following will be the meaningful word? If more than one such word can be formed, mark 'S' as the answer and if no such word can be formed, mark 'X' as the answer. NAIL, PAIL, RAIL, MADAM, REST.
(1) PAIL
(2) RAIL
(3) MADAM
(4) S
(5) X

2. If the letters in the word UNDERTAKING are rearranged in the alphabetical order, which one will be in the middle in order after the rearrangement?
(1) G
(2) I
(3) K
(4) N
(5) None of these

3. Which letter in the word CYBERNETICS occupies the same position as it does in the English alphabet?
(1) C
(2) E
(3) I
(4) T
(5) None of these

Recruitment of 282 Posts of Officer Scale-I and Office Assistant  in Allahabad UP Gramin Bank

Study Materials for IBPS, Bank Exams : Numerical Ability/Quantitative Aptitude - HCF and LCM [MCQ]

1. The least number which when divided by 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16 leaves a remainder of 2 in each case is:

1. 20
2. 43
3. 50
4. 59
5. 60

In the following diagram, the circle represents College Professors, the triangle stands for Surgical Specialists, and Medical Specialists are represented by the rectangle.

1. College Professors who are also Surgical Specialists are represented by

(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
(5) Z

Directions (Q. No 1-10): Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it:

(i) Six flats on a floor in two rows facing North and South are allotted to P, Q, R, S, T and U.

(ii) Q gets a North facing flat and is not next to S.

(iii) S and U get diagonally opposite flats.

(iv) R next to U, gets a south facing flat and T gets a north facing flat?

1 Which of the following combinations get South facing flats?

(1) QTS
(2) UPT
(3) URP
(4) Data inadequate
(5) None of these

2. Whose flat is between Q and S?

(1) T
(2) U
(3) R
(4) P
(5) Data inadequate

Study Materials For Bank's Examinations

Professional Knowledge for Specialist Officer - Marketing

Introduction

This material is made for the aspirants who are going to appear for Marketing Officers (Scale I) post of IBPS Specialist Officers. We’ve left no stone unturned to cover all basic topics of Marketing in this small pdf book. So this will be helpful as a basic reference guide to review marketing topics. You can download more materials of the same from .

The objective of all business enterprises is to satisfy the needs and wants of the society. Marketing is, therefore, a basic function of all business firms. When a salesperson sells washing machines, a doctor treats a patient or a Government asks people to take their children for getting polio drops, each is marketing something to the targets.

Traditionally, small firm owners did not give as much importance to marketing as to other functions such as accountancy, production and selling. Training programmes, enterprise development and the current thrust for competitiveness have now given high priority to promoting marketing awareness among small business owners, and marketing is now assuming its rightful place along with other business functions. Since early 1990s there has been a change in the thinking of businessman from product orientation to consumer orientation. Modern business concerns lay emphasis on ‘selling satisfaction’ and not merely on selling products. The activities have to be coordinated so as to develop the marketing mix, which provides maximum satisfaction to the customers. That is why marketing research and product planning occupy an important role in marketing. The other important functions of marketing include: buying and assembling, selling, standardization, packing, storing, transportation, promotion, pricing and risk bearing. Thus, the scope of marketing is very wide and no more restricted to merely selling of products.

Study Materials For Bank's Examinations

Professional Knowledge for Specialist Officer - Human Resource (Human Resource Management)

Introduction

Human Resource Management (HRM) is a relatively new approach to managing people in any organization . People are considered the key resource in this approach. it is concerned with the people dimension in management of an organization . Since an organization is a body of people, their acquisition, development of skills, motivation for higher levels of attainments, as well as ensuring maintenance of their level of commitment are all significant activities. These activities fall in the domain of HRM.

Human Resource Management is a process, which consists of four main activities, namely, acquisition, development, motivation, as well as maintenance of human resources.

Scott, Clothier and Spriegel have defined Human Resource Management as that branch of management which is responsible on a staff basis for concentrating on those aspects of operations which are primarily concerned with the relationship of management to employees and employees to employees and with the development of the individual and the group.

Human Resource Management is responsible for maintaining good human relations in the organization. It is also concerned with development of individuals and achieving integration of goals of the organization and those of the individuals.

Northcott considers human resource management as an extension of general management, that of prompting and stimulating every employee to make his fullest contribution to the purpose of a business. Human resource management is not something that could be separated from the basic managerial function. It is a major component of the broader managerial function.

French Wendell, defines “Human resource management as the recruitment, selection, development, utilisation, compensation and motivation of human resources by the organization”.

According to Edwin B. Flippo, “Human resource management is the planning, organizing, directing and controlling of the procurement, development, resources to the end that individual and societal objectives are accomplished”. This definition reveals that human resource (HR) management is that aspect of management, which deals with the planning, organizing, directing and controlling the personnel functions of the enterprise.

Nature of Human Resource Management

The emergence of human resource management can be attributed to the writings of the human relationists who attached great significance to the human factor. Lawrence Appley remarked, “Management is personnel administration”. This view is partially true as management is concerned with the efficient and effective use of both human as well as non-human resources. Thus human resource management is only a part of the management process.

At the same time, it must be recognised that human resource management is inherent in the process of management. This function is performed by all the managers.

A manager to get the best of his people, must undertake the basic responsibility of selecting people who will work under him and to help develop, motivate and guide them. However, he can take the help of the specialized services of the personnel department in discharging this responsibility.

Directions (Questions 1 to 5) : Study the following information and answer the questions given below it: All the six members of a family A, B, C, D, E and F are travelling together. B is the son of C but C is not the mother of B. A and C are a married couple. E is the brother of C. D is the daughter of A. F is the brother of B.

1. How many male members are there in the family?

(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4
(5) None of these

Directions (Q. No. 11-19) : In each of these questions a group of letters is given followed by four combinations of digit/symbol numbered (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv). Letters are to be coded as per the scheme and conditions given below. You have to find out the serial number of the combination, which  represents the letter group. Letter of that combination is your answer. If none of the combinations is correct, your answer is (5) i.e. 'None of these'.

Study Materials For Bank's Examinations

Professional Knowledge for Specialist Officer - Information Technology

Data Structure

In computer science, a data structure is a particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently.

Different kinds of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to specific tasks. For example, B-trees are particularly well-suited for implementation of databases, while compiler implementations usually use hash tables to look up identifiers.

Data structures provide a means to manage large amounts of data efficiently, such as large databases and internet indexing services. Usually, efficient data structures are a key to designing efficient algorithms. Some formal design methods and programming languages emphasize data structures, rather than algorithms, as the key organizing factor in software design. Storing and retrieving can be carried out on data stored in both main memory and in secondary memory.

Study Materials For Bank's Examinations

Professional Knowledge for Specialist Officer - Law

Banking Regulation & Compliance and Legal Aspects

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is India's central banking institution, which controls the monetary policy of the Indian rupee. It was established on 1 April 1935 during the British Raj in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.[3] The share capital was divided into shares of 100 each fully paid, which was entirely owned by private shareholders in the beginning.[4] Following India's independence in 1947, the RBI was nationalised in the year 1949.

The RBI plays an important part in the development strategy of the Government of India. It is a member bank of the Asian Clearing Union. The general superintendence and direction of the RBI is entrusted with the 21-member-strong Central Board of Directors—the Governor (currently Raghuram Rajan), four Deputy Governors, two Finance Ministry representative, ten government-nominated directors to represent important elements from India's economy, and four directors to represent local boards headquartered at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and New Delhi. Each of these local boards consists of five members who represent regional interests, as well as the interests of co-operative and indigenous banks.

The bank is also active in promoting financial inclusion policy and is a leading member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI).

Bank of Issue

Under Section 22 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, the Bank has the sole right to issue bank notes of all denominations.(one rupee note and coin, which are issued by Ministry of finance).

The distribution of one rupee notes and coins and small coins all over the country is undertaken by the Reserve Bank as agent of the government. The Reserve Bank has a separate Issue Department which is entrusted with the issue of currency notes. The assets and liabilities of the Issue Department are kept separate from those of the Banking Department.

Monetary Authority

The Reserve Bank of India is the main monetary authority of the country and beside that the central bank acts as the bank of the national and state governments. It formulates, implements and monitors the monetary policy as well as it has to ensure an adequate flow of credit to productive sectors.

Regulator and Supervisor of the Financial System

The institution is also the regulator and supervisor of the financial system and prescribes broad parameters of banking operations within which the country's banking and financial system functions.Its objectives are to maintain public confidence in the system, protect depositors' interest and provide cost-effective banking services to the public.

(General Awareness For Bank's Exams)

International Events

January - 2014

February - 2014

(General Awareness For Bank's Exams)

National Events

January - 2014

February - 2014

The window offered a view of the house opposite. The two families did not speak to each other because of a property dispute. One day, Ruchira's textbooks lay untouched as the young girl's gaze was on the happenings in the house opposite. There were two new faces in the neighbouring household – that of an elderly widow and a girls aged sixteen. Some times the elderly lady would sit by the window, doing the young girl's hair. On other days she was absent.

The new young neighbour's daily routine could be seen through the window – she cleaned the rice paddy; split nuts, put the cushions in the sun to air them. In the afternoons while the men were all at world some of the women slept and others played cards. The girl sat on the terrace and read. Sometimes she wrote. One day there was hindrance. She was writing when the elderly woman snatched the unfinished letter from her hands. Thereafter the girl was not to be seen on the terrace. Sometimes during the day sounds came from the house indicating that a massive argument was going on inside.

A few days passed. One evening Ruchira noticed the girl standing on the terrace in tears. The evening prayer was in progress. As she did daily, the girl bowed several times in prayer. Then she went downstairs.
That night Ruchira wrote a letter. She went out and posted it that very instant. But as she lay in bed that night, she prayed fervently that her offer of friendship wouldn't reach its destination. Ruchira then left for Madhupur and returned when it was time for college to start. She found the house opposite in darkness, locked. They had left.

When she stepped into her room she found the desk piled with letters – one had a local stamp on it with her name and address in unfamiliar handwriting. She quickly read it. They continued to write to each other for the next twenty years.

1. Why did Ruchira write a letter to her new neighbour?

(1) She wanted to offer her, her help.
(2) She wanted to be friends with her.
(3) To apologize for her family's behaviour towards her family.
(4) To encourage her to continue learning to read and write.
(5) None of these

2. Which of the following can be said about Ruchira?
(1) She used to spy on her neighbours because she didn't trust them.
(2) She was at home because she was studying.
(3) She did not speak to her neighbours because they did not own property.

(1) None
(2) Only (2)
(3) Both (1) & (2)
(4) Only (3)
(5) All of these

3. How did the new young neighbour spend her days?

(1) She was busy writing letters to Ruchira.
(2) She used to daydream about her past experiences.
(3) She would attend to the needs of the widow.
(4) She spent her time learning to read and write.
(5) None of these

4. Why was the young neighbour prevented from sitting on the terrace?

(1) She used to while away her time instead of working
(2) The old woman could no longer keep an eye on her.
(3) She had not finished writing the letter she was asked to.
(4) She had been writing a letter which she wasn't supposed to.
(5) None of these

(Study Materials) Numerical Ability/Quantitative Aptitude : Decimal Fraction - MCQ

1. If 2805 ¸ 2.55 = 1100, then 280.5 ¸ 25.5 is:
1. 111
2. 1.1
3. 0.11
4. 11
5. 1.11

2. The value of 213 + 2.013 + 0.213 + 2.0013 is:
1. 217.2273
2. 21.8893
3. 217.32
4. 3.217.32
5. None of these

3. The numerator of a non-zero rational number is five less than the denominator. If the denominator is increased by eight and the numerator is doubled, then again we get the same rational number. The required rational number is:
1. 1/8
2. 4/9
3. 2/8
4. 3/8
5. 3/8

4. What will be the approximate value of 779.5 × 5 – 46.5 × 19 – 9?
1. 10800
2. 18008
3. 10080
4. 10008
5. 18080

Study Materials for IBPS, Bank Exams : Numerical Ability/Quantitative Aptitude - Number System [MCQ]

1. Five-eighth of three-tenth of four-ninth of a number is 45. What is the number?
1. 470
2. 550
3. 560
4. 540
5. None of these

Number Series

Prime Number Series:

Example 1. 4, 9, 25, 49, 121, 169,…
(a) 324 (b) 289
(c) 225 (d) 196
Solution. (b) The given series is a consecutive square of prime number series. The next prime number is 289.

Example 2. 5, 7, 13, 23, …
(a) 25 (b) 27
(c) 29 (d) 41
Solution. (d) The difference between prime numbers is increasing. 7 is next prime to 5; 13 is second to next prime to 7; 23 is third to next to 13. Hence, next should be fourth to next prime to 23. Hence, required number is 41.

Multiplication Series:

Example 3. 4, 8, 16, 32, 64… 256
(a) 96 (b) 98
(c) 86 (d) 106
Solution. (a) The numbers are multiplied by 2 to get the next number.
    64 × 2 = 128

Example 4. 5, 20, 80, 320, … 1280
(a) 5120 (b) 5220
(c) 4860 (d) 3642
Solution. (a) The numbers are multiplied by 4 to get the next number.
1280 × 4 = 5120

Difference Series:

Example 5. 3,6,9,12,15,…. 21
(a) 16 (b) 17
(c) 20 (d) 18
Solution. (d) The difference between the numbers is 3.
    15 + 3 = 18

Example 6. 55, 50, 45, 40,….30
(a) 33 (b) 34
(c) 35 (d) 36
Solution. (c) The difference between the numbers is -5.
    40 – 5 = 35

Division Series:

Example 7. 5040, 720, 120, 24, ….2,1
(a) 8 (b) 7
(c) 6 (d) 5
Solution. (c)

Example 8. 16, 24, 36,… 81
(a) 52 (b) 54
(c) 56 (d) 58
Solution. (b) Previous number × = Next number

n2 Series

Example 9. 4, 16, 36, 64, …. 144

(a) 112 (b) 78
(c) 100 (d) 81

Solution. (c)

differ = 4+5=9,9+7=16,16+9=25,25+11=36

4*4=16

4*9=36

4*16=64

4*25=100

4*36=144

So Ans is 100

Example 10. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, … 81
(a) 100 (b) 121
(c) 64 (d) 144
Solution. (c) The series is 12, 22, 32, 42, 52,62, 72,….
The next number is 82 = 64

(n2 + 1) Series

Example 11. 17, 26, 37, 50, 65,….101
(a) 82 (b) 75
(c) 78 (d) 90
Solution. (a) The series is 42 + 1, 52 +1, 62 + 1, 72 + 1, 82 + 1.
The next number is 92 + 1 = 82

Example 12. 101, 401, 901, 1601, 2501, …. 4901
(a) 2201 (b) 3301
(c) 4401 (d) 3601
Solution. (d) The series is 102 + 1, 202 +1, 302 + 1, 402 + 1, 502 + 1, etc.
The next number is 602 + 1 = 3601

(n2 -1) Series

Example 13. 3, 8, 15, 24,…48
(a) 32 (b) 33
(c) 34 (d) 35
Solution. (d) The series is 22 – 1, 32 –1, 42 – 1,52 – 1. etc.
The next number is 62 – 1 =35

Example 14. 99, 80, 63,….35
(a) 48 (b) 84
(c) 46 (d) 64
Solution. (a) The series is 102 -1, 92 -1, 82 -1, etc.
The next number is 72 – 1 = 48

(n2 + n) Series

Example 15. 2, 6, 12, 20, 30,…. 56
(a) 32 (b) 34
(c) 42 (d) 24
Solution. (c) The series is 12 + 1, 22 + 2, 32 + 3, 42 + 4, 52 + 5, etc.
The next number is 62 + 6 = 42

Example 16. 110, 132, 156, 182,….
(a) 212 (b) 201
(c) 211 (d) 210
Solution. (d) The series is 102 + 10, 112 + 11, 122 + 12, etc.
The next number is 142 + 14 = 210

(n2 – n) Series

Example 17. 0, 2, 6, 12, 20,….42
(a) 25 (b) 30
(c) 32 (d) 40
Solution. (b) The series is 12 – 1 = 0, 22 – 2 = 2, 32 – 3 = 6, etc.
The next number is 62 – 6 = 30

Example 18. 90, 380, 870, 1560,…..
(a) 2405 (b) 2450
(a) 2400 (d) 2455
Solution. (b) The series is 102 – 10, 202 – 20, 302 – 30, etc.
The next number is 502 – 50 = 2450

n3 Series

Example 19. 1, 8, 27, 64,…. 216
(a) 125 (b) 512
(c) 215 (d) 122
Solution. (a) The series is 13, 23, 33 , 43, etc.
The next number is 53 = 125

Example 20. 1000, 8000, 27000, 64000,….
(a) 21600 (b) 125000
(c) 152000 (d) 261000
Solution. (b) The series is 103 , 203, 303, 403, etc.
The next number is 503 = 125000

(n3 + 1) Series

Example 21. 2, 9, 28, 65,…217
(a) 123 (b) 124
(c) 125 (d) 126
Solution. (d) The series is 13 +1, 23 + 1, 33 + 1, etc.
The next number is 53 + 1 = 126

Example 22. 1001, 8001, 27001, 64001, 125001,….
(a) 261001 (b) 216001
(c) 200116 (d) 210016
Solution. (b) The series is 103 + 1, 203 + 1, 303 + 1, etc.
The next number is 603 + 1 = 216001

(n3 -1) Series

Example 23. 0, 7, 26, 63, 124,…
(a) 251 (b) 125
(c) 215 (d) 512
Solution. (c) The series is 13 – 1, 23 – 1, 33 – 1, etc.
The next number is 63 – 1 = 215

Example 24. 999, 7999, 26999, 63999,….
(a) 199924 (b) 124999
(c) 129994 (d) 999124
Solution. (b) The series is 103 – 1, 203 – 1, 303 – 1, etc.
The next number is 503 – 1 = 124999

(n3 + n) Series

Example 25. 2, 10, 30, 68,….222
(a) 130 (b) 120
(c) 110 (d) 100
Solution. (a) The series is 13 + 1, 23 + 2, 33 + 3, etc.
The next number is 53 + 5 = 130

Example 26. 1010, 8020, 27030, 64040,….
(a) 125500 (b) 125050
(c) 100255 (d) 120055
Solution. (b) The series is 103 + 10 = 1010, 203 + 20 = 8020, etc.
The next number is 503 + 50 = 125050

(n3 – n) Series

Example 27. 0, 6, 24, 60,…. 210
(a) 012 (b) 210
(c) 201 (d) 120
Solution. (d) The series is 13 – 1 = 0, 23 – 2 = 6, 33 – 3 = 24, etc.
The next number is 53 – 5 = 120

Example 28. 990, 7980, 26970, 63960,….
(a) 124500 (b) 124005
(c) 120045 (d) 124950
Solution. (d) The series is 103 – 10, 203 – 20, 303 – 30 etc.
The next number is 503 – 50 = 124950

Letter Series - Type 1

One Letter Series Such series consists of one letter in each term and this series is based on increasing or decreasing positions of corresponding letters according to English alphabet.

Example 1: B, C, A, D, Z, E, … F, X, G
(a) U (b) Y
(c) W (d) V
Solution. (b) The sequence consists of two series B, A, Z, Y, X and C, D, E, F, G. The missing letter is Y.

Example 2: P, U, Z, … J, 0, T
(a) E (b) U
(c) S (d) P
Solution. (a) The sequence is P+ 5, U+ 5,Z+ 5. The missing letter is Z + 5 = E

Example 3: B, D, G, I, … N, Q, S
(a) I (b) J
(c) L (d) K
Solution. (c) The sequence is B + 2, D+ 3, G + 2, I + 3 and so on.

Letter Series - Type 12

Two Letter Series The first letters of the series follow one logic and the second letters follow another logic.

Example 4: EZ, DX, CV,..., AR, ZP
(a) CS (b) AM
(c) BT (d) TG
Solution. (c) First and second letters follow a sequence of-1 and -2 respectively.

Example 5: DG, HK, LO, PS, TW,…
(a) XA (b) ZA
(c) XB (d) None of these
Solution. (a) First and second letters follow a sequence of + 4.

Example 6: DX, EY FV, ... : ; HT, IU
(a) HV (b) IX (c) GW (d) BZ
Solution. (c) First, -third and fifth terms follow a sequencee and second, fourth and sixth terms follow another sequence. (DX, FV, HT, etc) and (EY, GW, IU, etc).

Letter Series - Type 3

Three Letter Series: :Such series consist of three letters in each term. The first letters follow one logic, the second letters follow another logic and the third letters follow some other logic.
Example 7: DIE, XCY, RWS, ...
(a) LQN (b) QMP
(c) LMS (d) LQM
Solution. (d) First, second and third letters of each group follow a sequence of -6 series.

Example 8: VPG, UQF, ..., SSD, RTC
(a) SQD (b) TRE
(c) TRS (d) QDT
Solution. (b) First, second and third letters follow a sequence of –1, + 1, –1 series respectively.

Example 9: DJS, HNW, LRA, PVE, ..., XDM
(a) TZI (b) SAF
(c) UXH (d) None of these
Solution. (a) First, second and third letters follow a sequence of + 4 series.

Letter Series - Type 4

A series of letters is given with one or more missing letters. From the choices, the choice that gives the letters that go into the blanks has to be selected as answer.

Example 10: In the following series some letters are missing. From the choices, select the choice that gives that letters that can fill the blanks in the given sequence.
a_ c_ b_ab_a_ca_c
(a) abaccb (b) accbab
(c) aabbcc (d) baccbb
Solution. (d) First of all, notice that there are 6 blanks in the given sequence and each choice gives six letters to fill the six blank in order. Now, we have to select an alternative which if placed in the blanks of the series in order, we get a complete series of letters which follow some particular pattern.
The best way is to try with each option. Inserting the letters of option (d) in place of the blanks, we get a series like “abc abc abc abc abc” which is a repetition of the group of letters “abc”.

Letter Series - Type 5

Here, students are asked to count how many times a particular letter or group of letters satisfying some conditions occurs and mark that number as the answer choice.
Example 11: In the following sequence of letters, in how many instances the letters n is immediately preceded by the letter t ?
    s n r u a t n n g h j t k n s t n d g c l n t t t n n n t n t n t s m v b t n g c x d p t n k l s t n t
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 7 (d) 8
Solution. (d) On counting, we find that the letter n occurs 8 times, where n is immediately preceded by the letter t.

Directions (Q. No. 1-5): Each of the following questions consists of five figures called the problem figures followed by five other figures marked 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 called the answer figures. Select a figure from amongst the answer figures. which will continue the same series as established by the five problem figures.